Sports Sports Business Management Essay - 1300 Words

UCF Sports Business Management Masters In order to be successful in sports business, one must be able to relate to the complex relationship between profitability and maintaining relationships. Having relevant experience and and education of these issues in sports is paramount to finding this success. This includes work with the community and other extracurricular activities that help one understand what it takes to be a successful sports professional. I will outline the experience, educations, and beliefs that I believe make me a strong fit for the Devos Sports Business Management Program. The Devos Program would give me the best chance to succeed in sports business. I am also applying to the University of Massachusetts-Amherst as a secondary option. The curriculum covers a wide variety of topics applicable to both collegiate and professional settings. For example, the Facilities and Event Management course covers topics which allow one to navigate the complex world of sports stadiums of professional and collegiate backgrounds. Sports Analytics covers the fastest rising trend in professional sports. With a background of not only the statistical application, but economical theory as well, this course prepares an aspiring professional for use of analytics in the workplace. The Sports Business Management Core is not the only area that is outstanding. The managerial accounting and strategic finance courses provide students with the ability to make financial decisions in what isShow MoreRelatedEmmanuel College s Development Of Their Students Spiritual And Intellectual Grow th1060 Words   |  5 Pagesof study through their Schools of Arts and Sciences, Business, Education and Christian Ministries. 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Causal Determinism Threatens This Principal - 904 Words

Free will is described as making choices and actions with the ability to have done otherwise. Causal determinism threatens this principal, because if an event is predetermined, one could not have done otherwise. For example, if a person is pre-determined to watch a certain television show one evening, one does not have the ability to choose a different show to watch, and therefore, there is no use of free will. So, in the determinist’s eyes, free will is nonexistent. Some proponents of free will argue that by choosing to do something, one causes oneself to act. One could have caused oneself to act in another manner, and therefore the act, although caused by that person, is still a free choice. However, that notion is held under scrutiny because a person who acts freely has no evidence that they have acted of his or her own accord. For all one knows, one’s actions and choices could have been causally determined, and although one thought one was acting out of free will, one is not. There is no definite proof to show that one’s choices are made freely. As A.J. Ayer stated in his essay, Freedom and Necessity, â€Å"†¦but from the fact that a man is unaware of the causes of his action, it does not follow that no such causes exist† (Ayer 272). Since there is no way of knowing if one exercises free will, determinism poses a serious threat to the concept of free thinking and free acting human beings. Additionally, the concept of free will often extends itself to the concept of moralShow MoreRelated determinism Essay1550 Words   |  7 Pagesplanned on an inexorable agenda that you could not help but comply with. Although this seems like a dark and fantastical world, if the idea of determinism is fully accepted than it may not be as distant as you might think. The idea of Free Will is one of the most timeless and dubitable philosophical questions and is imposable to disregard. 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Discuss the Relationship Between Dada and Punk Free Essays

string(139) " one of the most iconic images of the punk movement, used for the Sex Pistol’s cover ‘God save the Queen’, and Marcel Duchamp’s L\." Discuss the Relationship Between Dada and Punk. Within this essay I will be exploring the close relationship between Dada and Punk. Dada and Punk are both movements which were used to express a social change within their time, through art, fashion and music. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss the Relationship Between Dada and Punk or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although the Dada movement was at its peak in 1916 to 1922 and the Punk movement started in the mid 1970s, both show the same ideologies and techniques towards they work. Throughout the essay I will break down each of the movements into certain groups and analyzes the similarities between both of them. To understand the developments of both movements, you need to understand the environment in which they were formed. Dada started in 1916, two years after World War 1 started. World War 1 was a complicated war, involving many countries taking sides due to the conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia, the conflict was brought to a head in the battle of the Somme, France, 1916. This was when many artists, writers and others took refuge in Zurich, Switzerland, which was neutral during the war, many were angry at what was happening to the world, within the book Dadaism, Huelsenbeck (2004, pg 8) stated ‘None of us had any understanding for the courage that is needed to allow oneself to be shot dead for the idea of the nation†¦ ’, they were disgusted by the war and the idea that the nation’s public would support such violence, and they were frustrated with having no control over what was happening, a similar feeling the punks had in the 1970s. Dadaism was about rebelling against the war, they wanted to take the control back and the only way they could was through art, Huelsenbeck (2004 pg 17) quoted ‘DADA means nothing. We want to change the world with nothing’, it is easy to see Dadaist felt the modern world they were now living in was meaningless and so wanted to reject all traditions, especially art tradition, so they decided to create non-art which had no meaning to go with the meaningless world, they took some control back. The Punks had a similar attitude, they wanted to take back control of their future. The Punk movement started in the mid 1970s, a reaction against the recession. A recession which affected most of the working class, due to strikes, three day weeks and lack of opportunity, very different if you compare it to the days of the 1960s, where youth culture exploded on to the scene, free love and England was swinging. Due to the recession the youth of the working class felt failed and disillusioned, a feeling shown in the Sex Pistol’s song ‘God Save The Queen’(1977) ‘Don’t be told what you want, Don’t be told what you need, There’s no future, no future, No Future for you’. The punks felt like they had no voice, no power and no future so they wanted to make a statement, and like Dada, they wanted to take back control and the only way they could do this was through art, music and fashion. Image 1, ‘Dada’ It seems both movements were angry over the situation they were living in, and people will only live under that strain until an outburst happens, and when society does snap, people will want change. For the two movements they protested, Dada protested against the War and the bourgeois nationalist who they felt was the root of the war, while punks protested against the establishment. The Dadaist, George Grosz once stated that his work was a protest ‘against the world of mutual destruction’, a quote which fits well with the Dadaist but also the Punks, they used destruction of tradition as the protest against the destructive world. It is clear to see that the Punk movement looked up to Dada, just looking at Jamie Reid’s work and you can Dada’s influence by their use of type and the DIY look, same ideologies, there was even a fanzine issue called Dada which compared Punk to Dada, shown in ‘Image 1’ on the right. The Punks were well known for having left winged views, but really like most movements had many different political views. The main ideas of the movement was individual freedom and anti-establishment, Dada also had the same ideas to this affect, they believed in freedom, that’s why they started in Switzerland, a neutral country, they wanted to create art in their own way without using any of the ‘tradition’ rules. Other Punks ideas were anti-authoritarianism, DIY ethics, direct action, non-conformity and not selling out. All relevant to Dada, but I feel the idea of non conformity Image 2,’The Punk Look’ describes the movements best, the ‘Image 2’ best shows how the Punk didn’t conform, they use shock fashion to state who they were and what they stood for, fashion like this in the 1970s scared people, no one had seen fashion like it, the safety pins, ripped edges and bondage like clothes was a very violent looking dress sense, but Punk wasn’t the only movement which use shock tactics, Dada used shock art, well what would have been shock art in the 1900s, About. om (2012) stated, ‘The Dadaists thrust mild obscenities, scatological Image 3, ‘Fountain’ humour, visual puns and everyday objects (renamed as â€Å"art†) into the public eye. ’, the public still used to ‘traditional’ art found Dadaism disgusting, a example of this is Marcel Duchamp ‘Foundation’, Image 3 on the right, by today standards very norm al by the art world but in the 1900s, ready-made art wasn’t hear of, wouldn’t been classed as art, and so Duchamp shocked people by suggesting this is art, begging the question ‘what is art? , something which hadn’t been questioned in such style. Image 4, ‘God Save The Queen’ Within both movements shock art was used to state they ideologies, the best two examples I feel show how the movements are similar are, Jamie Reid’s ‘God Save the Queen’, Image 4, one of my personal favourites, also one of the most iconic images of the punk movement, used for the Sex Pistol’s cover ‘God save the Queen’, and Marcel Duchamp’s L. You read "Discuss the Relationship Between Dada and Punk" in category "Papers" H. O. O. Q , can been seen under image5. These two image show what the movements are about, Marcel Duchamp took one of the most iconic painting and defaced it, not as a joke or because he disliked the painting but he what to state what the Dadaist believed, that traditional art had been exhausted and it was time for a change. Although Duchamp wasn’t anti-art but he wanted, and I quote Elger (2004, pg 82) ‘to pose new, previously unasked questions about art†¦. While the border regions of art had not been explored. , Duchamp used the’ Mona Lisa’ as a symbol of traditional art and wanted to deface it to show the art world that he has no respects for traditions, not even for ‘ Leonardo’s untouchable masterpiece. ’, Elger (2004, pg 82). Image 5, ‘Mona Lisa’ The same idea was used in Jamie Reid’s ’God Save the Queen’, (Image 4), Reid took a image of the queen, which acted as a symbol of the establishment and authority, just like the ‘Mona Lisa’ was a symbol for Dada, and Reid deface her by blanking out the eyes and mouth, like a common criminal to make out she, the authority, committing a crime. Just like Dada was anti-art, Punk was anti-design, looking at image 4 you can see the DIY attitude and look allowing amateur designers to create own poster and fanzines, allowing everyone to be free to create what they want, about they own opinions, this is another link to Dada, slightly with the ’Mona Lisa’ with Duchamp taking a ready-made image and pencilling on top, but mostly with other Dadaist work with college. The ransom style lettering gives a threat on the queen, and so the design is acting like a threat to authority again showing the Punk anti-establishment ideas and how they want to take down the system, just like the Dadaist wanted to take down the idea of the traditional art system. Within the design Reid uses a union jack for the background, which adds colour to the design but also the single was released the weekend of the Queen’s silver jubilee and so the union jack marks a personal attack at Britain and our tradition, as the Punks saw the queen as the enemy. Dada wasn’t the only one who used the ‘Mona Lisa’, the Punks used her for a gallery opening, again the image was defaced, with smashed glass and spray paint, like a riot had happened. I believed they used this image not because it was a gallery opening but she was a sign of the wealth and tradition of the art world and the rest of the world to show everyone the Punk movement is here and you can’t ignore it, just like Duchamp’s ‘Mona Lisa’. Image 6, ‘Rrose Selavy’ Image 7, ‘Soo Catwoman’ Dada and Punk were not only ahead in their art work and ideas, but socially and with the role of women too. When Dada was at its peak the role of women was changing, women were working, the suffrage movement, the idea of birth control and the decline in the male population, Dada was the perfect time for women to make a stand, seeing as it was a time for change. Even Duchamp appreciated the role of women and their creative role, even to the point where Duchamp dressed as a woman, ‘Rrose Selavy’, as seen on the left. ‘Rrose Selavy’ was used to shock but also show there is no clear boundary between men and women, and when you look to the Punks and the way they dressed, men and women’s style was very similar. Image 7 is a photo of Soo Catwoman, she is very iconic to the Punk movement, she was the ultimate Punk. The Punk movement stated by Hickman (2011),’The women of punk conceived new ways to interact with their bodies, gender and punk culture as a whole. ’ the role of women in the movement was very equal for the 1970s, it was a great way to show to the world that women had a right and a voice, so shock fashion like Soo Catwoman really stated what the punk women stood for, and the fact they aren’t these delicate creatures who should be seen and not heard. Image 8, ‘Orgasm Addict’ It was during the Punk movement where female graphic designers were becoming influential. Linder Sterling is a well known punk artist, designing for the ‘Buzzcocks’, one of the designs is image 8, like Reid, Sterling uses college techniques and the DIY look to create the cover, sterling (1977) quoted, ‘It was made in a  Salford  bedroom, I had a sheet of glass, a scalpel and piles of women’s mags. ’ This technique would have been used with most of the punk designer because it adds a raw edge to the design. This DIY techniques was also used with Dada, as seen in image 9, ‘The Art Critic’ by Raoul Hausmann, you can see the similarities between the two image, both use college and in image 9, the eyes and mouth have been removed again defacing the person. The idea of college was yet enough rebellion against the art world because it was a new idea and not done before, the technique was developed due to the war because art supplies were low so they used whatever was around them and this meant college. Image 9, ‘The Art Critic’ From image 8 you can the techniques used by many punk artists, within they work they usually focus on one figure in which they deface, like in image 8, although the iron may represent the idea of a woman’s role, as the iron is a symbol of the home and house work, which is a role that has been assigned to women, while the mouths on the nipples suggest a idea of sexuality and this is the only part of the woman which makes people, mainly men, happy. With image 10 Hausmann has removed the eyes and mouth because of this it has removed the humanity of the person like Sterling’s cover. Also with most Punk and Dada work primary colours would be used to make the isolated image stand out and give it more of a contrast and give it more of a harsh, violent look. In summary it is clear to see the relationship between Dada and Punk. The movements had similar backgrounds, similar ideologies and similar techniques when creating their work. The ways they protested against their situation, Dada with anti-art and the Punks with anti-design, shows the two movements linked and for Punks it seems they looked up to Dada, just looking at the similarities between Reid’s college techniques compared to a Dadaism piece like Raoul Hausmann’s ‘The Art Critic’, you can see the influence. Personally I feel the two go hand in hand, both movements hold an important place in art history, and with me, I have always loved the Punk movement and learning about Dada has helped me understand the history of art and I feel without Dada we wouldn’t have Punk. How to cite Discuss the Relationship Between Dada and Punk, Papers

The Cultural Challenges of Managing Global Project Teams A Study of B

Question: Describe about an examination of the theoretical framework developed in the Journal Article: The Cultural Challenges of Managing Global Project Teams: a Study of Brazilian Multinationals"? Answer: Introduction: A new reality was brought in by the internationalization of Brazilian companies. There was a need of execution of global projects that help to bring a new reality. But there is a competitive situation of managing multicultural group. This is a current event with small-scales theoretical development. This study seeks to conclude the relationship between management groups of global projects and cultural characteristics in Brazilian multinationals. Six cases of Brazilian multinational companies are mentioned in this study with the aim of growing the development of the global management teams. It involves deployment, development, planning and management of human resources. In this project, it was established that there is very low concern with the identified issues of multiculturalism and small size inter- cultural motivation for development of team member. The Brazilian multinational companies started performing successfully with global mind set. Bearing this entire situation each and every managerial process mentioned were granted with a number of activities to be tackled by the project manager in these three elements: the organization, the project itself and the global environment. It contributes toward the maximization of work. Thus it authorizes Brazilian multinational companies to control their global group in order to increase the advantage of global group like increase innovative and creativity capacity but keep away from the problems that can escort multiculturalism which differ from disagreement between people to project failure. Brief description of the paper being evaluated: National culture and intercultural competence: The effect of national culture in the management of an organization has been a continuous query of scientific studies. One of the scholars declares that there is no need of globalization in the business to lead the globalization of culture. So, there is no need of generic managerial solutions in the specific cultural contexts. Intercultural competency has been studies by a broad diversity of academic view and professional ground. One author recognized eleven different terms that are: intelligence, competency, understanding, adaptability, appreciation, expertise, terrain, cultural intelligence, astuteness, literacy and appreciation (Jackson, 2006). Cultural distance between countries: As per the authors, the cultural distance is the amount of factor such as the difference between legal, education, culture, language, business practices etc. that obstruct with the course of information in the market. Companies lean to do international business, primarily with the smaller markets magical distances, only to involve other market (Gerhart, 2008). Global projects: In general definition projects are temporary attempts to create service, product or unique results. Their features are non-permanent; it means every project has a set of beginning and end point. The uniqueness of service, product and progressive development means extend by which the increment and development can occur in every stage. Global and domestic projects are generally common in relation of temporally effort, progressiveness and uniqueness. But it only differs in the locations. The main difference is, global projects occur globally and traditional projects occur locally. Managing global team: Global teams have been depending on various talents within each of the team members, to achieve the organizational goals of outstretched overseas markets and to implement and execute multiple business strategies. It is also known as multinational teamwork. People come from two or more cultural and national background in this type of teamwork. In the organization the members of the working groups are geographically distributed (Cross, 2008). Thus in the organization there exists cross-cultural team. Cultural impact: Cultural dimensions have important suggestion for running a global team. By study the cultural differences performance, management styles and motivations of team member can be recognized (Keller, 2012). Intercultural competence management: There are basic aspects that need to be appraised in the choice of international talent like foregoing experience in interacting with other culture, openness to new experiences, experience in international travels and interest in international work. Theory and Literature: Main theoretical framework of the study: The internationalization of Brazilian companies has brought about changes so that global projects can be implemented. This brings the challenge to effectively handle multi cultural teams. The theoretical development studied the main objectives to analyze and understand the relationships between cultural features and the global projects should match the standards in context of high and low cultural distances with the level of performances of project teams. To understand the team management process a field study was conducted in which 22 countries participated which consisted of 34 global projects handled by 15 Brazilian multinationals. The outcome of the results proved an effective relationship between team performance and various aspects of culture. It was pointed out there should be more association with less level of performance and homogeneity of teams across different cultures. The teams that were performing well were close to hierarchical structure in the organization. There was a final recommendation given to the companies so that they could manage their global teams and generate better results (Akande, 2008). Research studies and models used by researchers: Hofstedes model was proposed to see the various aspects of cultural dimensions. He suggested four different dimensions to see the outcome of the results which are as follows: a) Power distance b) individualism vs. collectivism c) masculinity vs. femininity d) uncertainty avoidance. This model states the various differences of cultural aspects among countries and each dimension portrayed different research. Theories or models relevant to the topic but not mentioned in the case study: Researchers like B. Shore and B.J. Cross indicated the following dimensions in respect of outcome that are being delivered by the global teams. Here three key aspects were been highlighted: future orientation, performance orientation and human treatment. Future orientation includes the various activities of society that are to be done to plan the activities of the future. Performance orientation involves the zeal to accomplish the tasks effectively. Human treatment includes the degree to which behavior is rewarded in the society (Immi.se, 2015). R. Gesteland defines culture in the following four categories: Deal focused which are focused to tasks that are been done. Relationship focused involve a culture which is people oriented that is adherence to human relations is given. This lowers the level of misunderstanding and brings clarity of work. Formal and informal cultures basically deal with the structure of hierarchy in the organization. Rigid time and fluid-time cultures define respect and freedom that are necessary to be given. R.D. Lewis describe culture in two aspects: one is linear active that focuses in achieving targets and the other one is multi active where thrust is given to the people working. Research Approach: The model presumes as conceptual theory that the procedures of managing global groups are affected by organizational processes of human resources management but have particular attribute that must be examined. The conversion of traditional personnel management is necessary to the favorable outcome of global project and should incorporate aspects like training, selections and others. There are impacts of cultural factor that are required to be taken into the report so that the global projects have more possibilities of favorable outcome. Relationship can be negative or positive and understanding between them is necessary to the presentation of the teams. The process of managing teams which is given below is recurrent and not linear. In this case study the nature of the study is investigative quality. It is conducted in original global projects of Brazilian multinationals. There is a direct contact between the situation which is under study and the researcher. At that time, in Brazil there were about 70 Brazilians multinational companies in national capital. in this project six different companies populations are consider as a sample size were six cases of global projects are define. All the data collected by a personal interview session. This session were conducted for 120 minutes each. Key informants were managers of the global project, to make sure the fulfillment of the benchmark for participation with the projects, professional experience and organizational knowledge. The interviews were conducted as one to one basis by the researcher. All the interviews were register and later put it on a paper. After reading every data, it was orderly organized according to the group of analysis involved in the study model . In this model the organized categories are followed as: planning, deployment, development, management and demobilization of staff (Rodrigues Sbragia, 2015). Researchers Findings and Conclusions: Researchers acquired some qualitative data from one to one interview session with the managers of six global projects. Researcher has to find and analysis the impact of global culture on Brazilian multinational companies. Thus, for analysis of all these data they used the reason of sample replication. Which look for verify differences and similarities between the cases and theoretical replications, which look for a constructing result with these theoretical advise. So, researchers search for an alternative representativeness rather than statistical representativeness (Taylor Lennon, 2012). Orderly organized analyses involved in this study model are as follows: Planning- According to the definition of responsibility and roles, planning is an important part of a team. In global projects intercultural competency is very important success factor of a team. Deployment- The process of recruitment and deployment of staff is very important because, a project manager could not locate necessary human resources, for this action project may be affected in budget, quality, risk customer satisfaction and team schedule. Team development- Project teams development is an important responsibility of the manager who should in a position to identify, maintain, build, inspire and lead a project teams to attain high performance level. Team management- In this segment the attributes of the management are presented. In this stage it is necessary that the manager lane the performance of each and every team member and manage required changes which should not affect the result of the projects (Deeprose, 2002). Demobilization- This means that managers never wanted to relocate themselves from their current work profiles (Mariano, Mohamed, Mohiuddin Ghauri, 2011). Implications of the study: It was necessary that a set of activities is to be implemented in this research that could help in managing the global teams to make them face to face with each other. It is also necessary to follow a particular culture that is relevant to the process of project management (Tonelli, 2012). It plays an important role in managing and taking necessary decisions at various levels that can be implemented. From different interviews conducted it was observed that all the project managers did not have the same view of solving the problems in the management structure. In this case it was said that there are various aspects of a culture in a nation that adversely affects decision making process. It is also implied that culture affects the outcome results of the projects. Therefore it is necessary to maintain high dignity and morale to avoid conflict among teams and enhance the work ability of managers (Singh, 2012). Conclusion: It is concluded from the above case study that project management is highly influenced by the culture that is represented in an organization. The main aim of this paper was to conduct interviews and suggest evidences and facts that can be supported as a means to connect with the organization. It is concluded that the various dimensions of Hofstede made it easy to provide a link to the hierarchical structure of the companies and guide the behavior and decision making process. This knowledge may also help project managers to explore all the complexities and diversities of the management process. This method can also be used to bridge the gap between assumptions and reality in international projects. The expenditures included in the findings of this report were several billion US dollars. But there was a need of more integration of larger companies to come up and cooperate effectively maintaining a cultural dignity. Culture is the best way by which problems can be solved effectively wit hin a group of people. It is very much important for exchange of ideas across different cultures so that there is amicability of ideas, facts and emotions. In any large MNCs of particular country, the human resource policies are difficult to be implied if there is no ethnicity of culture maintained. Therefore it is necessary for the corporate HR team to influence strategic factors in the process of management. The role of subsidiary employee to achieve corporate objectives enhances the capability of an organization. References: Akande, A. (2008). Comparing Social Behaviour Across Culture and Nations: The What and Why Questions.Soc Indic Res, 92(3), pp.591-608. Ando, N. (2014). The effect of localization on subsidiary performance in Japanese multinational corporations.The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(14), pp.1995-2012. Butteriss, M. (2013).Coaching corporate mvps. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Cross, W. (2008).Gullah culture in America. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. Deeprose, D. (2002).Global HR. Oxford, U.K.: Capstone Pub. Emeraldinsight.com, (2015).Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal : EmeraldInsight. [online] Available at: https://www.emeraldinsight.com/journal/ccm [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015]. FuÃÅ'ˆreder, R. (2012).Proceedings / Cross Cultural Conference 2012. Aachen: Shaker. Gerhart, B. (2008). Cross Cultural Management Research: Assumptions, Evidence, and Suggested Directions.International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 8(3), pp.259-274. Immi.se, (2015).Translation, Cultural Knowledge and Intercultural Competence. [online] Available at: https://www.immi.se/intercultural/nr20/olk.htm [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015]. Jackson, T. (2006). Editorial: From Cultural Values to Cross Cultural Interfaces.International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 6(1), pp.5-13. Jackson, T. (2014). Is cross-cultural management studies morally mute? Cross-cultural management and ethics.International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 14(3), pp.267-269. Kawar, T. (2015).Cross-cultural Differences in Management. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol_3_No_6_Special_Issue_March_2012/13.pdf [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015]. Keller, H. (2012). Attachment and Culture.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44(2), pp.175-194. Laroche, L. (2003).Managing cultural diversity in technical professions. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann. Leng, C. and Botelho, D. (2010). How does national culture impact on consumersÂ’ decision-making styles? a cross cultural study in Brazil, the United States and Japan.BAR, Braz. Adm. Rev., 7(3). Mariano, S., Mohamed, M., Mohiuddin, Q. and Ghauri, P. (2011).The role of expatriates in MNCs knowledge mobilization. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Rodrigues, C. (2009).International management. Los Angeles: Sage Publications. Rodrigues, I. and Sbragia, R. (2015).The Cultural Challenges of Managing Global Project Teams: a Study of Brazilian Multinationals. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.scielo.cl/pdf/jotmi/v8s1/art04.pdf [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015]. Shore, B. and Cross, B. (2015).Exploring the role of national culture in the management of largescale international science projects. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.kth.se/polopoly_fs/1.226500!/Menu/general/column-content/attachment/shore.pdf [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015]. Singh, N. (2012).Eastern and cross cultural management. New Delhi: Springer. Staber, U. (2006). Social Capital Processes in Cross Cultural Management.International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 6(2), pp.189-203. Taylor, K. and Lennon, J. (2012).Managing cultural landscapes. London: Routledge. Tonelli, M. (2012).Human Resources Management in Brazilian Multinationals.. [online] ResearchGate. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262335541_Human_Resources_Management_in_Brazilian_Multinationals [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015]. Yan, J. (2005). A Cross Cultural Perspective on Perceived Leadership Effectiveness.International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 5(1), pp.49-66.

Stomata Lab Report Essay Example

Stomata Lab Report Paper During those high-carbon-dioxide times, lands with fewer stomata will have an advantage and will be common. On the other hand, when carbon dioxide levels are low, plants need many stomata in order to scrape together enough carbon dioxide to survive. During low-carbon- dioxide times, plants with more stomata will have an advantage and will be common. (Understanding Evolution) Therefore, the question to be tested will be if you count the number of stomata of the same species of leaf at different stages of life will the number of stomata be different? My hypothesis is if we count the number of leaf stomata at three different stages of life then the umber of stomata will be less as the leaf gets older because the leaf is dying. (Understanding Evolution) Procedure Approximately three leaves of the where gathered to use in this experiment. Each leaf was at a different stage of life: alive, dying, and dead. A thin cast of a tiny part of the surface of the underside of each leaf was created using NYC clear nail polish. The imprint of each leafs underside was viewed one at a time under a light microscope using the cast, which was carefully removed from each leaf with a piece of packing tape. The stomata were completely visible and were able o be counted under the lowest view setting of xx. The stomata of each leaf were observed and counted four times. When viewing the stomata in each leaf for detail, the setting of xx was used. This made the view of the stomata large enough to tell whether they were open or not. The number and description of the stomata of each leaf was recorded. We will write a custom essay sample on Stomata Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stomata Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stomata Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The leaf that was alive had an average of 34. 5 stomata counted in the one specific area observed, the dying leaf had an average of 31. 75 stomata in the area observed and the dead leaf had an average of 29. 25 stomata in the area observed. These averages were results f four different trials in which the stomata were counted and observed in the specified area of each plant, every trial having a new person count the stomata. The stomata of the dead leaf were closed; the stomata of the leaf that was alive were open. The stomata of the leaf that was dying varied. In some places, the stomata were opened, in others, they were closed. The stomata that were open were bunched in separate areas of the observed section of the leaf, as were the stomata that were closed. Neither of the different stomata were mixed between each other in the dying leaf. All three leaves stomata were scattered around n the observed area and did not have a noticeable pattern to their placing. Conclusion: The data gathered shows that there is, in fact, a difference in the number and the appearance of stomata in three different life stages of an American elm leaf. However, the differences in the number of stomata are slight, calculating to a difference of only 5. 25 stomata between the largest and smallest average. The leaf that was alive had the greatest number of stomata, followed by the dying leaf and then the dead one, which had the least number of stomata. The numbers of stomata seem to descend as the leaf dies. However, this difference s insignificant considering that the stomata that were counted were a part of a very tiny area of the leaf (smaller than a fraction of a centimeter). The difference of stomata in each leaf came out to only 5. 5, which isnt a large enough difference in the stomata of a small area of the leaf to be determined as significant. Further investigation would have to be performed in order to test this and get more accurate results. The difference that was significant was that of the appearance of the stomata. In the dead leaf, the stomata were closed; in the leaf that was alive, the stomata were open. The stomata o f the dying leaf however, aired. Parts of the section viewed under the microscope consisted of opened stomata, others consisted of closed stomata. This might be because the leaf wasnt completely dead, or parts of the leaf were still alive. When something is dying, the working parts of it do not stop functioning completely, they shut down at various times. This explains why some the stomata are open and some were closed. There was no significant difference in the number of stomata between the three leaves; however there was a dramatic difference in the appearance of the stomata in each leaf. If I were to re-do this lab in the future I would make ere to keep my fingers off of the viewing part of the tape. I think it may have altered our results in the end, like the number of stomata should have been without outliers. Another error that I have discovered was that we used different microscope power for the leaves. We should have used all the same power on each leaf for more accurate results to be sure we were viewing the same amount of area. The data also proves this because for the alive and the dying leaf we used the xx zoom, but we used xx zoom for the dead leaf. Id infer that we did this because the dead leafs stomata were closed which could have made them harder to see.

Anti-Terrorism as a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Essay Example

Anti Anti-Terrorism as a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Essay Anti-Terrorism as a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Essay Anti Terrorism as a Self fulfilling Prophecy The issue of war against terrorism has been a dominant theme in our media today. Terrorists have been stereotyped as Middle Eastern, Muslim, cold blooded and hard headed suicide bombers who are out to destroy all that standing in the western world. The gargantuan international effort on the War on Terrorism has created a psychological construct where Islamic fundamentalism and the Middle Eastern race are now considered as potential terrorists. There have been numerous circumstances where Muslims and Arabic costume and color precipitated discrimination and hate campaigns. Movies and films of Rambo and Schwarzenegger portray terrorists as Islam fundamentalists triggering a host of discriminatory actions among the populace. Given the billions of dollars spent on the war against terrorism and the widespread and extensive media propaganda campaign, it should be logical to conclude that terrorism has been greatly diminished ten years after the September 11, 2001 tragedy. On the contrary, the War on Terrorism has become a self fulfilling prophecy where terrorist activity exponentially increased. To wit: The Rand Corporation for the National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism (MIPT) reveals that there has been a 250 percent increase in terrorist activity from September 11, 2001 to September 2006 alone. If we divide post 9/11 into two phases until 2006, the first phase has 4772 fatalities from terrorist attacks and the second phase has 5177 fatalities (Conetta, 2006). Thus, all efforts to counter terrorism has only effected in their increase. The US war against Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Libya, North Korea and others in fact encourages ordinary citizens from these countries to launch attacks against the US comparable or even similar to terrorist’s acts. Instead of solving the roots of the problem such as creating an international atmosphere of peace and justice, anti terrorism campaigns have in fact sowed the seeds of war, injustice, and fan the fires of terrorism worldwide. Thus it has become a self fulfilling prophecy. The real proof that the anti terrorism campaign has become a self fulfilling prophecy is when we find ordinary citizens who are not in any way connected to terrorist groups performing terrorist acts. The recent bombing and massacre in an island in Norway killing 92 people did acts similar to the modus operandi of terrorists (bombing and shooting like in Mumbai) but acted alone. The Oklahoma bombing was done by a US soldier but imitated the acts of those who he fought during the Gulf War. The psychological construct created by suicide bombing and rampant shooting has in fact created an image where deluded and frustrated ordinary citizens can really act out their violent fantasies. There have been many cases in school campuses where some student would attack and massacre many students using bombs and high powered weapons. Terrorism according to Zulaika is now the dominant tropic space† in media, government, and all walks of life (Zulaika, 2009). This is further fueled by the imagination of nuclear war initiated by terrorists creating an apocalyptic nightmare that in turn fan the fires of Christian fundamentalists. Note that the â€Å"terrorist† who killed 92 people in Norway was a Christian fundamentalist. In fact the use of torture against suspected terrorists in Guantanamo bay was largely unprotected because of this powerful image against suspected terrorists. The problem with the Anti terrorism campaign is that it was blown too much in proportion so that the US who is supposed to be the champion of democracy and human rights is now seen as a torturer and a blanket bomber of civilians, an illegal eavesdropper of its own citizens, and an espouser of war. Indeed the War against Terrorism has not only been a self fulfilling prophecy but actually created the US as a number one terrorist as some critical groups contend. Bibliography Conetta, C. (2006, September 25). War Consequences: Global terrorism has increased since 9/11 attacks . Retrieved July 24, 2011, from www. comw. org: comw. org/pda/0609bm38. html Zulaika, J. (2009). Terrorism: The Self fulfilling Prophecy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Yonyous Business Operations in the Software Industry Case Study

Yonyous Business Operations in the Software Industry - Case Study Example The recession led all the software companies to change their business strategies. Likewise, Yonyou also developed its own strategies to sustain in the changing market environment. The investment in the R&D to promote product development eventually worked in company’s favor towards its expansion. Yonyou collaborated with companies like IBM and Atos to develop the cloud computing, which proved to be a step towards the future of IT. Yonyou Software Co. Ltd., headquartered in Beijing, China, is an accounting and ERP software company. It operates in mainland China, Japan, Hong Kong and Thailand. Founded in 1988, Yonyou has been ranked as no. 1 management software provider in China. The company excelled in Chinese markets as it could understand the Chinese management culture closely. In order to streamline its business, the company also outsourced its consulting and implementing services. The information technology industry went through several changes in last five years and all the companies had faced severe downturn or even ceased to exist. However, Yonyou has managed to adapt to the changing environment and sustained in the competitive industry. The growth of management software had slowed down after the great recession and economic crisis in 2008. The management software market in Asia had a much higher growth rate in 2011, although being a small portion of the global market. The manpower and materials cost had increased within the last decade in China, as a result, the companies were bound to adopt the management software system in order to avoid inefficient operations and management. Although, as compared to other developed countries, China still stands behind when it comes to investment in management software. China mentioned in the 18th national congress, that it will follow its own way to implementation of information technology on a national strategic level.

'Alternative dispute resolution is at the heart of today's civil Essay

'Alternative dispute resolution is at the heart of today's civil justice system, and any unjustified failure to give proper - Essay Example Early 1990s had been witnessing delays in the conduct of litigation in courts exacerbated due to complex procedures and interlocutory battles entailing heavy costs to the parties and the state exchequer as well. As stated by the English Centre for Effective Dispute Resolution (CEDR), British commerce can achieve cost savings of over ? 1 billion by avoiding time spent by the management, spoilt relationships, lost productivity and legal fees.1 Mediation method already has helped save about ? 6.3 billion since 1990.2 In a classical case decided in 2007 involving a claim of just ? 6,000, parties are reported to have spent nearly ? 100,000 as litigation costs. 3 Perceptions about mediation are still mixed as revealed by a survey of the Ministry of Justice in 2007. For 38 % of the respondents, mediation had resulted in cost savings and for 29 %, costs had increased. Those who had settled cases through mediation informed of cost savings except for 7 % of them for whom costs had increased. F or those whose cases could not be settled through mediation, 45 % of them stated cost increases, 19 % cost savings and 28 % did not see any difference in costs.4 Sequel to Lord Woolf’s report, the U.K. Government made it a condition as far as possible to provide for ADR in all government contractual disputes arising out of procurement contracts. 5 As a result, ADR was resorted to in 336 cases out of which 241 were settled with a resultant cost savings of ? 120.7 million. 6 in Royal Bank of Scotland v Secretary of State for Defence, the successful defendant was refused costs as it had not opted for ADR in line with the above said ADR pledge by the Government.7 An audit report of 2007 stated that non-availing of mediation in family disputes entailed additional cost of ? 74 million through legal aid i.e average legal cost for a non-mediated case amounted to ? 1,682 as against ? 752 for a mediated case. 8 Warren K. Wrinkler Chief Justice of Ontario notes with caution that mediati on if not successful ends up as an additional layer in litigation costs. 9 Time efficiency is another factor apart from cost factor. According to a report of the CEDR, in England 75 % of their cases were settled instantly (same day). 10 Mediated family disputes cases are settled faster at 110 days than non-mediated cases which take 435 days to settle. 11 Regardless of cost effectiveness and time efficiency, flexibility available in mediation towards mutually consensual resolution is absent in court led litigation. The English Alder Hey case that involved more than 1000 claims is a classic example of successful mediation that resulted in apology and erection of permanent memorial for the children whose organs had been withheld by the hospital. ADR provides for not only procedural flexibility but also of flexibility of outcome.12 Mediation offers larger number of remedies that include apology, explanation, enduring relationships, and undertaking by one party an obligation without any legal compulsion. 13 In order to have an effective mediation system, the 2008 EU Directive applicable for cross-border disputes states that member states should have legislation that ensures mediation that guarantees a predictable legal framework, provides for flexibility in procedures and ensures autonomy of parties. Besides, the mediation should be conducted in an effective, impartial and competent manner.14 The EU directive adds that it can be applied to internal mediation of the

Evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evidence - Essay Example in the calendar of the judiciary in the arrangement of the appointment of subject, in line with the proceedings concerning state party cases (Pontell & Stephen, 2010, p. 41). The California code of civil procedure states does not prevent an attorney to permit any kind of representative to stand before the courtroom and present the evidence and witnesses engaged in the proceedings. The mother is therefore entitled to a maximum period of twenty days to submit a respond to the jury of the state. An attached subpoena that the court issued at the beginning of the trial should be handed out as a means of showing proof of chamber sittings between the mother’s attorney and the jury. California’s Business and Professions Code, 349a puts the mother’s lawyer in a state where he or she has to hand out an advance note of the court case three months prior to the lawsuit commencement. As a result, the child and his attorney have ninety days to take action before the lawsuit begins and at this period, they have the ability to organize for the justification of the child. Nevertheless, it is of value noting the fact that there exists no specific type of note necessary, except where notification of the defendant of the legal basis of the claim and the type of loss sustained, including with the specificity the nature of the wounds endured. At this point, it is important to underline the fact that if the notice is served within 90 days of the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations, the time for the commencement of the action shall be extended 90 days from the service of the notice (Pontell & Stephen, 2010, p.

Difficulties Of Rene Descartes Cogito

Difficulties Of Rene Descartes Cogito The most important contribution of Renà © Descartes in the history of Philosophy is his cogito. In the same way, however, the cogito has also been the most critical problem of his philosophy. This essay will focus more on the difficulties of the cogito. But first, on the side of the cogito: one importance of the cogito is that it is the byproduct of the Method, which is another contribution of Descartes not only in modern philosophy, but also in the field of science. The origination of the cogito from the Methodic Doubt is quite anticipated: all prior knowledge and truths must be erased, unless they are indubitable. In other words, all knowledge and opinions are subjected to examination, whether they can survive the test of doubt. Descartes, having found the fact (or act) of his doubting indubitable, hence maintains the fact that his existence enables his doubting (or thinking) as a clear and distinct idea, and thus the conclusion: Cogito, ergo sum: I think, therefore I am. We understand therefore that the cogito is a product of deduction or inference. However, as I have said, the cogito is quite anticipated. This is because the rules of his Method lay down an algorithm that has a quite predictable result, as if laying down a theore tical step-by-step means to prove something that is already true. The cogito is also considered a product of intuition and not of deduction. However, as far as methods of analysis are concerned, Descartess Method and cogito are valid. Moreover, insofar as the solipsistic argument, the cogito is a rather fair argument. By this, I mean that the cogito is a solipsistic truth, or a belief in the self as only reality or basis of reality. When Descartes has proposed that all knowledge and opinions must be cleared off the mind (or must be brought into doubt), there is still in Descartes the belief that the only thing he can be sure of is that he exists. He cannot deny the fact that he exists, even if the very idea of his being is most accessible via experience (hence, this he must doubt also). Thus if Descartes denies his being in the first place, his cogito will never materialize as a basis for truth. But since Descartes adopts a solipsistic view, he is safe from committing contradiction. To put simply: insofar as the I is concerned (the I, which thinks and doubts), the I exists. Nevertheless, Descartes paradox, which is the cogito itself, is not an absolute oxymoron. By the cogito being a paradox, I mean the self-contradictory problem of the cogito; that is, the problem of which came first: the cogito or the sum. Using the Method of Doubt, the cogito seems to go before the sum, since it is the act of doubting/thinking that came before the conclusion for the act of existence. But in the context of Descartes, it is implied that thinking is actually in the context of being. Now the strength of the cogito argument is that it is a closed argument, relying only on the idea that existence constitutes thinking and thinking reflects existence. It is in these strengths of the cogito, however, that it is also problematic. First is on the solipsistic view. The very problem of the cogito here is the question of reality outside the I. Since Descartes uses himself and only himself in his basis for truth, anything outside himself can be doubtful or false, and thus cannot be a basis for truth. Only the thinking I, thus the human person, can prove and claim ones existence. Thus, the other for the thinking I is doubtful, insofar as the I is concerned. The problem is that Descartes is as if denying the existence of animals, plants and other things, since these things do not and cannot think. Moreover, after proving that he is a thinking thing, the next question that arises is: now how do we establish an edifice of knowledge? Descartes takes emphasis on putting a foundation for knowledge by first using the Method, but forgets how to formulate the next set of algorithm once the Method has been applied. The problem of the solipsistic ar gument of the cogito is that nothing more exists outside the selfs being a thinking thing. It only proves the existence of oneself insofar as the thinking I is concerned, and does not prove the idea and the existence of other things other than the self. Besides, other Is can think of me a mere fiction. In the problem of the solipsistic argument of the cogito, however, the idea of a Perfect Being other than the thinking self exists. Descartes said that since he is cogito (thinking/doubting thing), he is therefore an imperfect being. But since he is imperfect, he has an idea of a perfect thing, which can come only from a Perfect Being, which is God. Nevertheless, nothing more exists outside the thinking self aside from the self itself and God. Now the second weakness of the cogito is in its contradictory problem. Although the cogito (cogito-sum relationship) is a closed argument (like Spinozas freedom-necessity concept); one cannot ignore to question the validity of its argument. In this argument, whether the cogito conditions the sum or the sum conditions the cogito, the idea of existence is still in danger, because it is subject to doubt. The sum (I am) only works for the thinking I, but existence alone cannot prove thinking. Thus what seemed to be a safe closed argument is not free of loopholes at all, because existence in general is not enough to prove thought. Nevertheless, the cogito is concerned for the existence of ones being a res cogitans or thinking thing only. Moreover, that material objects exist because of God is another argument that branched out from the cogito. After concluding that the Supreme Being cannot deceive, Descartes proceeds to concluding that material objects thus also exist. However, this only results to another circular argument: cogito presupposes God, which tells the res cogitans that its ideas come from external objects; but then it is from these external objects that the cogito must doubt first before it realizes that it is a res cogitans, then assume the existence of a Perfect Being. Generally, we find Descartess Method of Doubt and cogito weak. The main premise that we cannot distinguish reality from dream is not even strong enough to be a basis for truth. Although Descartes skepticism is optimistic at finding a certain knowledge that we can know of, still it is rather destructive of the foundation of knowledge that is the objective of his skepticism in the first place. The problem is that Descartes proposes arguments for why everything can be subjected to doubt, such as the dream argument, the deceiving God argument, and the evil demon argument. It is difficult to follow Descartess advice because it is more difficult to prove a negation than proving otherwise (in the case of Descartes proving the negation of knowledge to prove the opposite), since if we convince ourselves with these arguments of Descartes, then we must act and think as if we are experiencing illusions and hallucinations all the time. This is of course difficult for us. In fact one example where we can prove Descartes could probably be right all along that an evil demon is deceiving us (e.g., dwhen something defies the laws of physics) is when we experience a Criss Angel trick. Perhaps we can say that the main problem of Descartess philosophy is both its extreme rationalist and non-rationalist approach. Descratess philosophy is rationalist because it proclaims reason as the only valid criterion for certain knowledge and thus truth. It is non-rationalist, however, in the sense that it somehow forgets other valid functions of the human mind or reason: that is reason as the faculty of mans sentient soul, can, aside from thinking and doubting, imagine, sense and feel.

Service Learning Essay -- Education Educating College University Essay

The Society for Experiential Education defines service learning as, â€Å"any carefully monitored service experience in which a student has intentional learning goals and reflects actively on what he or she is learning throughout the experience† (Staton 1). Service learning is a great opportunity to get extra learning experiences while also experiencing the community around the universities campus. â€Å"Service learning allows students to apply what they are learning from their instructors, peers, and readings to genuine tasks that occur outside the four walls of the classroom while simultaneously helping others† (Staton 1). Universities are using service learning to expand beyond the classroom and provide students with experiences that will benefit them in the future. Service learning provides students with some fundamental aspects of life that can simply not be taught in the classroom. Service learning is a very beneficial tool in expanding on class room topics in the real world. There are numerous reasons why universities should incorporate service learning into their curriculum. One way that service learning is so beneficial to college curriculums is that it will cheapen the price of credit hours. Many universities have made the service learning free credits, which will appeal to students when they are making the decision to attend school. And trust me, as a college student, the cheaper the credit hour the more appealing the school is. Another very beneficial aspect of service learning in curriculums is that it gives students a taste of the â€Å"real world†. â€Å"Service learning allows students to apply what they are learning to real-world problems, become more involved in the community surrounding the campus, and develop career g... ...nication† (Staton 3). The students in these classrooms really benefit from the extra communication skills that are taught by the college students. Service learning is a program that many universities around the country have turned to in order to improve their curriculum. It provides students with many excellent opportunities to go out in the community and get more then just a typical â€Å"college education.† The students who have been involved in service learning feel that they have become well-rounded human beings and have a taste of what it is like to function in the real world. Another great part of service learning is that not only the students benefit from it. The university, as well as the surrounding community are both rewarded by the program. Service learning is a great program that can be incorporated into any subject matter that a university offers.